Vaccines and Immunology

Bio Markers and Case Reports

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A biomarker is an indicator that is used to know the severity or presence of a disease. The indicator can be chemical, physical, or biological in nature and the measurement may be biochemical, functional, physiological, cellular, or molecular.  In vaccines, biomarkers are needed to predict the reactogenicity of a vaccine, ideally before vaccination or when clinical signs occur, or before any irreversible damage. Biomarkers help in early diagnosis, drug response, disease identification, and prevention. A case report is a detailed report of an individual patient where his/her medical history, diagnosis, and treatment are followed up. Case reports are often viewed as case-based learning where unique or rare features of a disease, therapeutic approaches play an important role in medical education.

Related associations and societies: Immune Deficiency Foundation (IDF), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH),  Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology (APAAACI), National Medical Association (NMA), Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS),Clinical Immunology Society, Hepatitis B Foundation (HBF), Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society(PIDS), Indian Vaccine Manufacturers Association (IVMA).